Robertson,+S

=__**Data Management Culminating Task **__= __Hours of Sleep Per Night VS. High School Student Average __ By: Sarah Robertson

__**Brainstorming: **__ __**Question: **__ Does the hours of sleep per night (independent variable) determine an Ancaster High School student's school average (dependent variable) in the year 2010?
 * =  ||= **Independent Variable ** ||= **Dependent Variable ** ||
 * = 1. ||= Hours of sleep/night ||= High school average ||
 * = 2. ||= Tanning beds ||= Cancer rates ||
 * = 3. ||= Hours of T.V/day ||= <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">High school average ||
 * = <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">4. ||= <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Unemployment ||= <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Number of food donated to food bank ||

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__**Independent (explanatory) variable:**__ Affects the value of another variable <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__**Dependent (response) variable:**__ Affected by another variable

**__<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">Hypothesis: __** <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Yes, I believe there will be a positive moderate correlation between the hours of sleep a student has per night and their high school average. I feel when I don't have enough sleep it is harder to concentrate on the work that is handed out to me during the day. I am drowsy and in another world sometimes, therefore I believe that other people would feel the same way. __**<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">Background Information: **__ <span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; line-height: 17px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">I thought this question would be interesting to investigate because I myself do not get the recommended hours of sleep per night. In class I know that I have trouble focusing and doing work (like most people) and wondered if a person's average may be affected by this (a students average has many factors that may lower it. Ex. home life, personal issues, how much you use a cell phone during class, etc.) As for sleep though, a teenager between the ages of 13 to 18 should have at least 9.5 hours of sleep per night. Typical North American teenagers get only 7.5 hours of sleep during school nights and about one fourth only get 6.5 or less hours of sleep. About half the teens who show up for school show many symptoms like drowsiness during the day, lack of energy, depressed mood and mental cloudiness. This is a result of not enough time sleeping. With this being stated, it could be assumed that a high school students marks may be partly dependent on how much sleep they get per night, it could be hard for one to concentrate on their studies because they have lack of sleep. Also, if a student has a sleeping disorder and the hours they sleep are all out of wack, their grades could most possibly be lower then a teen who has the required number hours of sleep per night.

<span style="background-clip: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; color: #000000; cursor: pointer; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-top: 0px;">[|Teen & Sleep Video]

I handed out these surveys to students in the cafeteria, in class and in the hallways to get a variety of people's answers. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 125%;">The survey I handed out to students at Ancaster High <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">School...

// Simply put an x in between the brackets (x). //
 * __ Data Management Survey: Hours Teens Sleep/Night vs. High School Average __**

**__ Grade: __** 1. ** On average, how many hours of sleep do you get per night? ** <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; tabstops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> Zero <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; tabstops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> One <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; tabstops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> Two <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; tabstops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> Three <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; tabstops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> Four <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; tabstops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> Five <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; tabstops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> Six <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; tabstops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> Seven <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; tabstops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> Eight <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; tabstops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> Nine <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; tabstops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> Ten <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; tabstops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> Eleven <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; tabstops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> Twelve

2. ** Estimate your high school average at this moment: ** % 3. ** On an average school day, you normally feel: ** <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; tabstops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> Drowsy <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; tabstops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> Content <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; tabstops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> Depressed <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; tabstops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> Motivated <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; tabstops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> Difficulty Concentrating <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; tabstops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> Energetic

4. ** On the nights you receive less than 7 hours of sleep you feel: ** <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; tabstops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> Drowsy <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; tabstops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> Content <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; tabstops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> Depressed <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; tabstops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> Motivated <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; tabstops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> Difficulty Concentrating <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; tabstops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> Energetic

5. ** When you have less than the recommended hours of sleep/night (9.5) do you feel: ** <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; tabstops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> Extremely alert and confident in your school work <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; tabstops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> Sleepy but still seem to do well in your school work <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; tabstops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> Have difficulty concentrating and not motivated to do any school work



__<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 145%;">Survey Results __
 * ~ <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"># of surveys handed out/grade ||~  ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Nine || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">50 surveys ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Ten || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">50 surveys ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Eleven || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">50 surveys ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Twelve || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">50 surveys ||

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 115%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -18pt;">* The number of answers are indicated in the boxes '[#] ' beside the choices. * <span style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -18pt;">** On average, how many hours of sleep do you get per night? ** <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[N/A] -->Zero hours of sleep/night <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[N/A] -->One hour of sleep/night <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[N/A] -->Two hours of sleep/night <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Grade 9: 1 student] [Grade 10: N/A] [Grade 11: N/A] [Grade 12: 1 student] -->Three hours of sleep/night <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Grade 9: 1 student][Grade 10: 2 students] [Grade 12: 2 students] -->Four hours of sleep/night <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Grade 9: 3 students] [Grade 10: 3 students] [Grade 11: 1 student] [Grade 12: 3 students] -->Five hours of sleep/night <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Grade 9: 6 students] [Grade 10: 7 students] [Grade 11: 8 students] [Grade 12: 10 students] -->Six hours of sleep/night <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Grade 9: 14 students] [Grade 10: 21 students] [Grade 11: 15 students] [Grade 12: 32 students] -->Seven hours of sleep/night <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Grade 9: 11 students] [Grade 10: 13 students] [Grade 11: 13 students] [Grade 12: 15 students] -->Eight hours of sleep/night <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Grade 9: 6 students] [Grade 10: 3 students] [Grade 11: 1 student] [Grade 12: 2 students] -->Nine hours of sleep/night <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Grade 9: 4 students] [Grade 10: N/A] [Grade 11: 1 student] [Grade 12: N/A] -->Ten hours of sleep/night <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Grade 9: 1 student] [Grade 10: N/A] [Grade 11: N/A] [Grade 12: N/A] -->Eleven hours of sleep/night <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Grade 9: N/A] [Grade 10: N/A] [Grade 11: 2 student] [Grade 12: N/A] -->Twelve hours of sleep/night

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 17px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">**Bias and Sampling Techniques:**

__**<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 125%; line-height: 18px;">Sampling Technique **__ <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">// For my surveys I am using a **Stratified Sample Technique...**// <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">A population may include groups of members who share common characteristics such as age or gender. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">• These groups are known as a strata <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">• A stratified sample has the same proportion of members from each stratum of the population

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">I handed out 200 surveys (50 to grade 9, 10, 11 and 12). These people share common characteristics which would be the fact that they are an Ancaster High School student. Within this sample, there are females and males, people with different religions and beliefs, races, ages, etc therefore having variety in the kinds of people who take this survey. It wouldn't be reliable information to just survey the girls in Ancaster High School or people in grade 9 and that's it. By surveying a few classes per grade, this helps it be more reliable.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">My survey does have some bias in it. It is called //**<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Leading Question: **// <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Within my surveys, they ask specific questions that could be not applicable to the person who is taking it. For example:
 * __<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 125%;">Bias __**

3. ** On an average school day, you normally feel: ** <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; tabstops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> Drowsy <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; tabstops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> Content <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; tabstops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> Depressed <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; tabstops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> Motivated <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; tabstops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> Difficulty Concentrating <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 9pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; tabstops: list 18.0pt; text-indent: -18pt;"> Energetic

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">This is an example of a leading question. On an average day of school, the person may not feel any of these descriptions listed therefore making it a leading question. I tried to have a few choices for the person so they could pick one that's relatively close to how they really feel, even though it may not be exact.


 * __<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">Data for the Project: __**


 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23px;">This is a **sample**: a group of people selected from a population
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23px;">This is **continuous** data: not rounded data
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23px;">This is **grouped** data
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 16px; line-height: 23px;">This data is **theoretical** data

__<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">One Variable Calculations: __

__**<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Mean **__ <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">(sum of data divided by the number of data points) <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">or <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">//Mean Average - Hours of Sleep:// 1465/201 = 7.288557213 = **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;"> 7 hours **

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">//Mean Average - Ancaster High School Student Average//: 16 193/201 = 80.5621890547 = <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;"> 81 %

__**<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Median **__ <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">(middle value in an ordered data set) --> * if there are two medians, average the two together and this is your median *

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The median is on the 100th value which lies within the interval 6-7.5. This makes the median 6.75.

__**<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Mode **__ <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">(most frequent occured values) <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Hours of Sleep /Night = **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">7 Hours ** <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Student School Average = **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">80% **

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__**Range**__ (difference between the largest and the smallest value in sample/population)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Hours of sleep / night: 12-1 = 11
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Student Average: 100 - 40 = 60

__**<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Standard Deviation **__<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> (measures how widely spread a set of data is - the smaller the deviation the more compact it is) <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">(This is for a sample) <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**Note:** (n-1) is used instead of n, to compensate for the fact that a sample take from a population tends to underestimate the deviations in the populations*

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">﻿fi=200 fimi=1501.5
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Interval ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Frequency ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Midpoint ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">fimi ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">mi-u ** || **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">(mi-u)2 ** || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**f(mi-u)2** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">0-1.5 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">0 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">0.75 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">0 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-6.75 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">45.5625 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">0 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">1.5-3 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">1 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">2.25 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">2.25 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-5.25 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">27.5625 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">27.5625 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">3-4.5 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">1 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">3.75 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">3.75 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-3.75 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">14.0625 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">14.0625 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">4.5-6 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">16 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">5.25 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">84 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-2.25 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">5.0625 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">81 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">6-7.5 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">98 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">6.75 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">661.5 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-0.75 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">0.5625 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">55.125 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">7.5-9 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">48 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">8.25 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">396 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">0.75 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">0.5625 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">27 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">9-10.5 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">34 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">9.75 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">331.5 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">2.25 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">5.0625 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">172.125 ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">10.5-12 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">2 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">11.25 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">22.5 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">3.75 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">14.0625 || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">28.125 ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">TOTAL ** ||  ||   || **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">1501.5 ** ||   ||   || **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">404.935 ** ||

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">xbar = 1501.5/200 = 7.5075 = 7.5

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Sg= (ALL UNDER SQUARE ROOT) total fi (mi-xbar)2/ n-1 <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">=(ALL UNDER SQUARE ROOT) (404.935)2/199 <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">STANDARD DEVIATION <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> =28.705

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 150%;"> __**<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; line-height: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;">Scatter Plot of My Data **__ <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; line-height: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;">(graph illustrating the relationship between two variables)

__**<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; line-height: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;">Number of Hours an Ancaster High student sleeps vs. Average **__

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 150%;">

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> <span style="display: block; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1; mso-line-spacing: '90 0 0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 216;"> **__Line of Best Fit__** y= 1.6652x+67.738 __** <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 150%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">n = # of data points <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">x = individual values of variable x <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">y = individual values of variable y <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">r = correlation //<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">*the greater the number of points the greater the accuracy* //
 * __a= (n)(xy)-(x)(y) / (n)(x2)-(x)2__**
 * __=200(114026)-(1424)(15851) / 200(10550)-(1424)2__**
 * __=1.6652__**
 * __mean y= 15851 / 200 = 79.255__**
 * __mean x = 1424 / 200 = 71.12__**
 * __b=y-ax__**
 * __=79.25-(2.8382)(71.12)__**
 * __ =67.738
 * __<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The Correlation Coefficient __**
 * __<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;">﻿ __**

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">=200(114026)-(1424)(15851)/ "square root" [200(10550-(1424)2][(200(1286013)-(15851)2] <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">=233376/"square root" (82224)(5948399) <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">=0.04 <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;">**<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">r= 0.04 which indicates a weak to no correlation **

//<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-style: normal; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">__**Independent (explanatory) variable:**__ Affects the value of another variable (x-axis of time) // //<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-style: normal; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">__**Dependent (response) variable:**__ Affected by another variable (y-axis --> frequency, percent, distance) //

//<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-style: normal; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">__<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">There are different kinds of correlations: __ //

//<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-style: normal; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">**Positive:** "y" increases as "x" decreases // //<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-style: normal; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">**Negative:** "y" decreases as "x" increases // //<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-style: normal; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">**Perfect:** "y" increases/decreases at a constant rate as "x" increases //

__**<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Conclusion **__ <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Overall, I discovered that there is a absolutely no correlation between the hours of sleep an Ancaster High School student has and their high school average in 2010-2011. My correlation coefficient was 0.04 therefore, barely any correlation. My hypothesis was wrong. If I were to do this over again, I would try and hand out the survey in an environment where other students could not look over others shoulders. I believe this is where response bias occured. Some students may be embarassed to put down their high school average so they lie about it on their survey. They also could not have known their average and guessed. Some students didn't answer the survey's properly as well making for my results to be possibly skewed.



**<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">APA References: **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">-Narcolepsy Fact Sheet (2010, August 14). In //National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke//. Retrieved October 28, 2010.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; margin: 0.5em 0px 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">-Woodford, P. (2004, August 30). Teens may be hardwired to sleep in. In //National Review of Medicine//. Retrieved October 28, 2010.