Robertson,+M

=Culminating Task: Mark Robertson=

Weight v. Alcohol Consumption
Data Management MDM4U1

Age vs Car Accidents Alcohol Consumption vs Weight Obesity vs Smoking
 * Brainstorming:**

Are individuals who drink regularly more susceptible to weight gain? East Carolina University, Nutrition Research Group, Greenville, NC, 2005
 * Question:**


 * Variables:**
 * **Independent** - Alcohol Consumed (x)
 * **Dependant** - Weight (y)

This study was performed with a volunteer study sample, which limits the overall behaviours of the population. In addition, the campus may not represent all of the university campuses throughout the country. Also the behaviours may not be consistent in a long timeframe. **Hypothesis** In today's society everything has become focused on a healthier lifestyle and diet in the hope for an increased life expectancy for us and the future. Besides the other negative effects alcohol has on one's health, does it have a direct correlation between drinking and obesity? Knowing that many alcoholic beverages have high sugar content and calories, the regular consumption or abuse of alcohol can easily be seen as an area of weight gain. The one variable analysis is with the amount of alcohol consumed rises, as will the persons body weight in a moderate to strong positive correlation.
 * Sampling Technique:**

**Reasoning**

The reason I chose this topic is many of the senior students will be leaving home and starting a more independent life at college/university at the end of this year. It is important to make good lifestyle choices to maintain a healthy body and mind. Drinking and gaining weight, although only one example of a negative impact one can have on themselves it displays a direct correlation between one lifestyle and another.

**Background and Summary** This question of weight vs alcohol consumption has been a topic of conversation for years. Many studies have been coordinated to try and find the answer. The reasoning behind it is simple. In this case alcohol impacts ones body in two ways; the beverage contains many calories (5-ounce glass of wine has around 150 calories, a 1.5-ounce shot of vodka or 12 ounces of light beer, 100), 'alcohol' itself reduces the amount of calories your body can burn off. The alcohol in your 3 to 4 drinks (ounce of liquor each) could be contributing anywhere from 192 to 320 calories. Looking at these facts alone its easy to understand how with just few drinks a night, calories can add up quickly. Now think about anything one may consume outside of his/her alcohol diet for the night including mixer (per 8oz cup: orange juice contains 111 calories, regular cola or lemon-lime soda pop has about 100 calories, and regular ginger ale, tonic, or quinine water has around 80 calories), cheese pizza (290 calories/slice), 28g serving of chips (160 calories) or even a trip to McDonald's for a 'McDouble' has 390 energy calories with nearly half of those being calories from fat. Knowing that alcohol slows the body's metabolism and calorie/fat burning abilities, one is not able to breakdown fatty foods and convert it into energy as efficiently as usual. Instead it goes straight to the-line giving people the impression of the infamous 'beer gut'.

**Survey Information** For this survey, a group of students from East Carolina University enrolled in a nutrition research laboratory course were asked to recruit and be responsible for collecting data on six or more subjects from their school. Participant selection areas were the student union, student food service sites, a few academic buildings, and general outdoor campus locations. A sample of 148 students registered. Data was collected and participants completed a survey of 107 questions. On top of that they were to collect anthropometric data, where they recorded height and body weight measurements. Weight was measured to the nearest pound and height to the nearest 0.5 inches. Height and weight were used to calculate their 'Body Mass Index' or BMI (kg/m2). Statistical significance level was set at p = 0.05.

**Raw Data**

 * Number of Participants:** n =148 [49.3% (n=73) male and 50.7% (n=75) female]
 * Statistical Significance:** p = 0.05
 * Average Age:** µ=19.99
 * Time:** 32 weeks (two semesters)
 * Average weekly alcoholic beverage intake:** males µ=8.75 (1449 kcal), females µ=4.96 (849 kcal)
 * BMI’s of the students ranged from 17.0 to 45.0 (kg/m2):** mean µ=26.49
 * Average calories per drink:** approx. 120 calories for beer, 130 calories for wineand 280 calories for mixed drinks
 * Average drinks per week:** Males - 8.75, Females - 4.86
 * Average alcohol ingested per week:** Male - 1449 calories, Female - 878 Calories


 * Week || Alcohol Calories Consumed (thousands) (x) || Accumulated Weight (lbs) (y) || xy || x2 || y2 ||
 * 1~4 || 6.674 || 2.66 || 17752.84 || 13348 || 5.32 ||
 * 4~8 || 14.348 || 4.32 || 71011.36 || 26696 || 10.64 ||
 * 8~12 || 19.022 || 8.98 || 159775.56 || 40044 || 15.96 ||
 * 12~16 || 24.696 || 11.64 || 284045.44 || 53392 || 21.28 ||
 * 16~20 || 35.37 || 12.3 || 443821 || 66740 || 26.6 ||
 * 20~24 || 41.044 || 14.96 || 639102.24 || 80088 || 31.92 ||
 * 24~28 || 45.718 || 17.62 || 869889.16 || 93436 || 37.24 ||
 * 28~32 || 53.392 || 21.28 || 1136181.76 || 106784 || 42.56 ||
 * Totals || 240.264 || 93.76 || 3621579.36 || 480528 || 191.52 ||

Correlation Coefficient: [[image:Corr.Coeff.jpg width="240" height="123"]]
n=8 x=240.264 xy=3621579.36 x2=480528 y2=191.52 r= __8 (3621579.36) - (240.264) (93.76)__ Square Root [8(480528) - 480528 ^2] [8(191.52) - 191.52 ^2] r= __28972634.88 - 22527.15__ Square Root (3844224 - 230907158784) (1532.16 - 36679.91) r= __28950107.73__ Square Root (-230903314560) (-35147.75) r= __28950107.73__ Square Root (8115731974326240) r=__28950107.73__ 90087357.46 r=0.321355943233813 **r~0.32** //Therefore r= 0.32 making it a weak/ moderate positive correlation to alcohol// y=93.76 //consumption to overall body weight.//   ** One Variable Data (x): ** Mean µ= __Sum(x)__ .................n = __ 240.264 __ .......8 = 30.033
 * Median** - 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 8, 8, 11 = 6
 * Mode** - 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 8, 8, 11 = N/A

**One Variable Data (y):**
.................n = __93.768__ .......8 = 11.72
 * Mean** µ= __Sum(y)__
 * Median** - 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4 = 3
 * Mode** - 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4 = 2


 * Standard Deviation **

............................................(8-1) =Square Root __(210.231)^2__ ............................7
 * S.D. (x)** = Square Root __(240.264-30.033)^2__

Square Root __44197.07__

..........................7 =Square Root (6313.87) = 79.459849
 * = 79.46**

.........................................(8-1) =Square Root __(8)__ .....................(7) =Square Root (1.142857) =1.06904
 * S.D. (y) =** Square Root __(93.76-11.72)__
 * =1.07**

//Therefore the standard deviation for the 'X' column is 76.46 and for the 'Y' column 1.07.//

Stats After the 32 Week Study
**Male and Female BMI's**



**Male And Female Alcohol Consumption/ Week (Calories)**

**Participants (N) BMI's in Comparison to Beer Consumption**

Conclusion
In conclusion my hypothesis was correct in the fact that regular consumption of alcoholic beverages can increase a persons body weight (BMI). Although I stated it would be a moderate/ strong positive correlation and the results proved to be a weak/ moderate positive, it confirmed my hypothesis nonetheless. Whether it'd be from the drink itself or additional food prior or after drinking, the body cannot burn off the calories ingested as efficiently as usual. Alcoholic beverages, many of them with a high sugar content can have a direct impact on a persons weight.