Wilson,+B

__Crime  verses Unemployment __

Will there be a strong correlation between Crime and Unemployment in Canadian provinces? Will there be certain provinces that have stronger correlations? Will the population be an external factor? As more people are laid off due to the recession, will these other factors increase? What is the overall trend of unemployment and crime?
 * Questions (2001-2008) **

My prediction is that as unemployment increases the amount of crime will have a positive moderate correlation coefficient. The one variable analysis of unemployment and crime is that both will increase when graphed and calculated.
 * Hypothesis: **

The reason I chose these two topics to study was because of the current recession that everyone seems to be struggling through. When people have nothing left they get desperate and may commit a crime (stealing), because they have no other way of getting money or goods.
 * Background Information: **
 * Reasoning:**
 * Facts:**

Article

Policies designed to increase jobs in inner city areas can have a direct, positive effect on crime rates. A new study of crime across the United States shows that crime rates rise and fall with unemployment. But this truth is obscured by other factors. A Discussion Paper published for the Centre for Economic Policy Research by two economists, Steven Raphael of the University of California at San Diego and Rudolf Winter-Ebmer of the University of Linz, finds support for the view held by most people that when men are out of a job they are more likely to steal because the risks seem more worthwhile. The writers find a significant positive, but also quantitatively large, impact of unemployment on several crime categories. Much research up to now has concluded that violent crime, as opposed to b urglary and theft, is pro-cyclical, or higher in good times. This aggregate picture can arise if other crime-driving influences are disregarded. One prime candidate is alcohol consumption, which is higher in good times, but on the other hand is a hefty determinant of all sorts of crime rates. And there are other ‘omitted variables’ that have to be taken into account when analyzing overall crime figures. One is the interaction between crime and joblessness, for the former can also cause the latter. This is a result of what the authors call the ‘scarring effects effect of incarceration or a greater reluctance among the criminally initiated to accept legitimate employment…’ When the authors properly take care of these statistical problems, they find a positive impact of unemployment on property crime as well as violent crime. The statistics used for the study are taken from the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reports across the US from 1970 to 1993. They are then broken down according to types of crime and adjusted for poverty and demographic components. The authors note that in a later period, 1992 to 1996, a period when unemployment was falling, there was a dramatic fall in all types of crime. So the two economists argue that a drop of two percentage points in unemployment would mean a 9% decline in burglary, 14% in rape and robbery and 30% in assault. Had unemployment been one percentage point in higher in 1992, there would have been nearly 500,000 more crimes in the United States. The authors conclude that if there were improved job prospects for jobless workers, particularly in inner cities, further declines in crime rates would be achieved.

Will my data produce the same conclusions as the above article?

I researched each province and compiled a list of crimes that I thought would increase as a result of unemployment
 * My Data: **
 * Discharge firearm with intent ||
 * Using firearm in commission of offence ||
 * Pointing a firearm ||
 * Robbery ||
 * Breaking and entering ||
 * Possess stolen property ||
 * Theft of motor vehicle over $5,000 ||
 * Theft of motor vehicle $5,000 or under ||
 * Theft over $5,000 ||
 * Theft over $5,000 from a motor vehicle ||
 * Shoplifting over $5,000 ||
 * Theft $5,000 or under ||
 * Theft $5,000 or under from a motor vehicle ||
 * Shoplifting $5,000 or under ||
 * Fraud ||
 * Counterfeiting ||


 * __ Crime __**
 * || ** 2000 **  ||  ** 2001 **  ||  ** 2002 **  ||  ** 2003 **  ||  ** 2004 **  ||  ** 2005 **  ||  ** 2006 **  ||  ** 2007 **  ||  ** 2008 **  ||
 * Newfoundland || 12364  ||  11579  ||  12397  ||  12988  ||  13598  ||  12717  ||  11615  ||  11105  ||  9678  ||
 * || 100.00%  ||  93.65%  ||  107.06%  ||  104.77%  ||  104.70%  ||  93.52%  ||  91.34%  ||  95.61%  ||  87.15%  ||
 * Prince Edward Island || 3963  ||  3924  ||  4299  ||  4762  ||  4649  ||  4410  ||  3990  ||  3568  ||  3993  ||
 * || 100.00%  ||  99.00%  ||  109.56%  ||  110.78%  ||  97.62%  ||  94.87%  ||  90.46%  ||  89.43%  ||  111.91%  ||
 * Nova Scotia || 32140  ||  31328  ||  30184  ||  32786  ||  34917  ||  31916  ||  31277  ||  27132  ||  23932  ||
 * || 100.00%  ||  97.47%  ||  96.35%  ||  108.62%  ||  106.50%  ||  91.41%  ||  98.00%  ||  86.75%  ||  88.21%  ||
 * New Brunswick || 20816  ||  20052  ||  20255  ||  21624  ||  21409  ||  18883  ||  18302  ||  16577  ||  16729  ||
 * || 100.00%  ||  96.33%  ||  101.01%  ||  106.76%  ||  99.00%  ||  88.20%  ||  96.93%  ||  90.57%  ||  100.91%  ||
 * Quebec || 268044  ||  257456  ||  246164  ||  246121  ||  239391  ||  236130  ||  236000  ||  219247  ||  213446  ||
 * || 100.00%  ||  96.05%  ||  95.61%  ||  99.98%  ||  97.27%  ||  98.64%  ||  99.94%  ||  92.90%  ||  97.35%  ||
 * Ontario || 384326  ||  380136  ||  380663  ||  382491  ||  356019  ||  341420  ||  347315  ||  327625  ||  315125  ||
 * || 100.00%  ||  98.91%  ||  100.14%  ||  100.48%  ||  93.08%  ||  95.90%  ||  101.73%  ||  94.33%  ||  96.18%  ||
 * Manitoba || 57654  ||  59452  ||  57615  ||  65523  ||  67231  ||  59407  ||  59040  ||  53432  ||  43370  ||
 * || 100.00%  ||  103.12%  ||  96.91%  ||  113.73%  ||  102.61%  ||  88.36%  ||  99.38%  ||  90.50%  ||  81.17%  ||
 * Saskatchewan || 58165  ||  57863  ||  55991  ||  64274  ||  59944  ||  53117  ||  46467  ||  42459  ||  39148  ||
 * || 100.00%  ||  99.48%  ||  96.76%  ||  114.79%  ||  93.26%  ||  88.61%  ||  87.48%  ||  91.38%  ||  92.20%  ||
 * Alberta || 128645  ||  130323  ||  140107  ||  156365  ||  155836  ||  153331  ||  146333  ||  143551  ||  134734  ||
 * || 100.00%  ||  101.30%  ||  107.51%  ||  111.60%  ||  99.66%  ||  98.39%  ||  95.44%  ||  98.10%  ||  93.86%  ||
 * British Columbia || 256484  ||  261194  ||  264921  ||  283668  ||  277613  ||  259655  ||  240436  ||  222256  ||  194202  ||
 * || 100.00%  ||  101.84%  ||  101.43%  ||  107.08%  ||  97.87%  ||  93.53%  ||  92.60%  ||  92.44%  ||  87.38%  ||
 * Saskatchewan || 58165  ||  57863  ||  55991  ||  64274  ||  59944  ||  53117  ||  46467  ||  42459  ||  39148  ||
 * || 100.00%  ||  99.48%  ||  96.76%  ||  114.79%  ||  93.26%  ||  88.61%  ||  87.48%  ||  91.38%  ||  92.20%  ||
 * Alberta || 128645  ||  130323  ||  140107  ||  156365  ||  155836  ||  153331  ||  146333  ||  143551  ||  134734  ||
 * || 100.00%  ||  101.30%  ||  107.51%  ||  111.60%  ||  99.66%  ||  98.39%  ||  95.44%  ||  98.10%  ||  93.86%  ||
 * British Columbia || 256484  ||  261194  ||  264921  ||  283668  ||  277613  ||  259655  ||  240436  ||  222256  ||  194202  ||
 * || 100.00%  ||  101.84%  ||  101.43%  ||  107.08%  ||  97.87%  ||  93.53%  ||  92.60%  ||  92.44%  ||  87.38%  ||
 * British Columbia || 256484  ||  261194  ||  264921  ||  283668  ||  277613  ||  259655  ||  240436  ||  222256  ||  194202  ||
 * || 100.00%  ||  101.84%  ||  101.43%  ||  107.08%  ||  97.87%  ||  93.53%  ||  92.60%  ||  92.44%  ||  87.38%  ||
 * || 100.00%  ||  101.84%  ||  101.43%  ||  107.08%  ||  97.87%  ||  93.53%  ||  92.60%  ||  92.44%  ||  87.38%  ||


 * __ Unemployment __**
 * ** Geography ** || ** 2001 **  ||  ** 2002 **  ||  ** 2003 **  ||  ** 2004 **  ||  ** 2005 **  ||  ** 2006 **  ||  ** 2007 **  ||  ** 2008 **  ||
 * Newfoundland and Labrador || 16.1  ||  16.6  ||  16.5  ||  15.7  ||  15.2  ||  14.8  ||  13.6  ||  13.2  ||
 * Prince Edward Island || 11.9  ||  12  ||  11  ||  11.3  ||  10.8  ||  11.1  ||  10.3  ||  10.7  ||
 * Nova Scotia || 9.7  ||  9.6  ||  9.1  ||  8.8  ||  8.4  ||  7.9  ||  8  ||  7.7  ||
 * New Brunswick || 11.1  ||  10.2  ||  10.3  ||  9.8  ||  9.7  ||  8.8  ||  7.5  ||  8.6  ||
 * Quebec || 8.8  ||  8.6  ||  9.1  ||  8.5  ||  8.3  ||  8  ||  7.2  ||  7.2  ||
 * Ontario || 6.3  ||  7.1  ||  6.9  ||  6.8  ||  6.6  ||  6.3  ||  6.4  ||  6.5  ||
 * Manitoba || 5.1  ||  5.1  ||  5  ||  5.3  ||  4.8  ||  4.3  ||  4.4  ||  4.2  ||
 * Saskatchewan || 5.8  ||  5.7  ||  5.6  ||  5.3  ||  5.1  ||  4.7  ||  4.2  ||  4.1  ||
 * Alberta || 4.6  ||  5.3  ||  5.1  ||  4.6  ||  3.9  ||  3.4  ||  3.5  ||  3.6  ||
 * British Columbia || 7.7  ||  8.5  ||  8  ||  7.2  ||  5.9  ||  4.8  ||  4.2  ||  4.6  ||


 * __ Provinces Population __**
 * ~ **Geography** ||~ **2001** ||~ **2002** ||~ **2003** ||~ **2004** ||~ **2005** ||~ **2006** ||~ **2007** ||~ **2008** ||
 * ~ **Canada** ||> 31,019,020 ||> 31,353,656 ||> 31,639,670 ||> 31,940,676 ||> 32,245,209 ||> 32,576,074 ||> 32,931,956 ||> 33,327,337 ||
 * ~ **Newfoundland and Labrador** ||> 522,033 ||> 519,531 ||> 518,520 ||> 517,447 ||> 514,363 ||> 510,313 ||> 506,530 ||> 506,441 ||
 * ~ **Prince Edward Island** ||> 136,663 ||> 136,876 ||> 137,221 ||> 137,674 ||> 138,055 ||> 137,920 ||> 138,127 ||> 139,451 ||
 * ~ **Nova Scotia** ||> 932,454 ||> 935,015 ||> 937,491 ||> 939,376 ||> 937,941 ||> 938,010 ||> 935,889 ||> 936,585 ||
 * ~ **New Brunswick** ||> 749,801 ||> 749,331 ||> 749,389 ||> 749,369 ||> 747,960 ||> 745,674 ||> 745,561 ||> 747,147 ||
 * ~ **Quebec** ||> 7,396,331 ||> 7,441,076 ||> 7,485,838 ||> 7,535,929 ||> 7,581,911 ||> 7,631,552 ||> 7,687,125 ||> 7,753,470 ||
 * ~ **Ontario** ||> 11,896,663 ||> 12,091,029 ||> 12,242,273 ||> 12,390,599 ||> 12,528,480 ||> 12,665,346 ||> 12,794,689 ||> 12,936,296 ||
 * ~ **Manitoba** ||> 1,151,439 ||> 1,156,613 ||> 1,163,819 ||> 1,173,566 ||> 1,178,301 ||> 1,184,031 ||> 1,193,932 ||> 1,206,100 ||
 * ~ **Saskatchewan** ||> 1,000,221 ||> 996,801 ||> 996,483 ||> 997,447 ||> 993,579 ||> 992,122 ||> 1,000,139 ||> 1,013,620 ||
 * ~ **Alberta** ||> 3,058,017 ||> 3,128,364 ||> 3,183,396 ||> 3,239,471 ||> 3,322,200 ||> 3,421,253 ||> 3,513,106 ||> 3,595,867 ||
 * ~ **British Columbia** ||> 4,076,264 ||> 4,098,178 ||> 4,122,396 ||> 4,155,170 ||> 4,196,788 ||> 4,243,580 ||> 4,309,453 ||> 4,383,845 ||


 * One Variable Analysis: **


 * Unemployment **


 * || **Year**  ||  **x**  ||  **Deviation**  ||  **Deviation squared**  ||
 * ** Newfoundland and Labrador ** || 2001  ||  16.1  ||  0.89  ||  0.79  ||
 * || 2002  ||  16.6  ||  1.39  ||  1.93  ||
 * || 2003  ||  16.5  ||  1.29  ||  1.66  ||
 * || 2004  ||  15.7  ||  0.49  ||  0.24  ||
 * || 2005  ||  15.2  ||  -0.01  ||  0.00  ||
 * || 2006  ||  14.8  ||  -0.41  ||  0.17  ||
 * || 2007  ||  13.6  ||  -1.61  ||  2.60  ||
 * || 2008  ||  13.2  ||  -2.01  ||  4.05  ||
 * ||  ||   ||   ||  **∑11.43**  ||
 * || **Year**  ||  **x**  ||  **Deviation**  ||  **Deviation squared**  ||
 * ** PEI ** || 2001  ||  11.9  ||  0.76  ||  0.58  ||
 * || 2002  ||  12  ||  0.86  ||  0.74  ||
 * || 2003  ||  11  ||  -0.14  ||  0.02  ||
 * || 2004  ||  11.3  ||  0.16  ||  0.03  ||
 * || 2005  ||  10.8  ||  -0.34  ||  0.11  ||
 * || 2006  ||  11.1  ||  -0.04  ||  0.00  ||
 * || 2007  ||  10.3  ||  -0.84  ||  0.70  ||
 * || 2008  ||  10.7  ||  -0.44  ||  0.19  ||
 * ||  ||   ||   ||  **∑2.38**  ||
 * || **Year**  ||  **x**  ||  **Deviation**  ||  **Deviation squared**  ||
 * ** Nova Scotia ** || 2001  ||  9.7  ||  1.05  ||  1.10  ||
 * || 2002  ||  9.6  ||  0.95  ||  0.90  ||
 * || 2003  ||  9.1  ||  0.45  ||  0.20  ||
 * || 2004  ||  8.8  ||  0.15  ||  0.02  ||
 * || 2005  ||  8.4  ||  -0.25  ||  0.06  ||
 * || 2006  ||  7.9  ||  -0.75  ||  0.56  ||
 * || 2007  ||  8  ||  -0.65  ||  0.42  ||
 * || 2008  ||  7.7  ||  -0.95  ||  0.90  ||
 * ||  ||   ||   ||  **∑4.18**  ||
 * || **Year**  ||  **x**  ||  **Deviation**  ||  **Deviation squared**  ||
 * ** New Brunswick ** || 2001  ||  11.1  ||  2.45  ||  6.00  ||
 * || 2002  ||  10.2  ||  1.55  ||  2.40  ||
 * || 2003  ||  10.3  ||  1.65  ||  2.72  ||
 * || 2004  ||  9.8  ||  1.15  ||  1.32  ||
 * || 2005  ||  9.7  ||  1.05  ||  1.10  ||
 * || 2006  ||  8.8  ||  0.15  ||  0.02  ||
 * || 2007  ||  7.5  ||  -1.15  ||  1.32  ||
 * || 2008  ||  8.6  ||  -0.05  ||  0.00  ||
 * ||  ||   ||   ||  **∑14.90**  ||
 * || **Year**  ||  **x**  ||  **Deviation**  ||  **Deviation squared**  ||
 * ** Quebec ** || 2001  ||  8.8  ||  0.59  ||  0.35  ||
 * || 2002  ||  8.6  ||  0.39  ||  0.15  ||
 * || 2003  ||  9.1  ||  0.89  ||  0.79  ||
 * || 2004  ||  8.5  ||  0.29  ||  0.08  ||
 * || 2005  ||  8.3  ||  0.09  ||  0.01  ||
 * || 2006  ||  8  ||  -0.21  ||  0.05  ||
 * || 2007  ||  7.2  ||  -1.01  ||  1.03  ||
 * || 2008  ||  7.2  ||  -1.01  ||  1.03  ||
 * ||  ||   ||   ||  **∑3.47**  ||
 * || **Year**  ||  **x**  ||  **Deviation**  ||  **Deviation squared**  ||
 * ** Ontario ** || 2001  ||  6.3  ||  -0.31  ||  0.10  ||
 * || 2002  ||  7.1  ||  0.49  ||  0.24  ||
 * || 2003  ||  6.9  ||  0.29  ||  0.08  ||
 * || 2004  ||  6.8  ||  0.19  ||  0.04  ||
 * || 2005  ||  6.6  ||  -0.01  ||  0.00  ||
 * || 2006  ||  6.3  ||  -0.31  ||  0.10  ||
 * || 2007  ||  6.4  ||  -0.21  ||  0.05  ||
 * || 2008  ||  6.5  ||  -0.11  ||  0.01  ||
 * ||  ||   ||   ||  **∑0.61**  ||
 * || **Year**  ||  **x**  ||  **Deviation**  ||  **D****eviation squared**  ||
 * ** Manitoba ** || 2001  ||  5.1  ||  0.32  ||  0.11  ||
 * || 2002  ||  5.1  ||  0.32  ||  0.11  ||
 * || 2003  ||  5  ||  0.23  ||  0.05  ||
 * || 2004  ||  5.3  ||  0.52  ||  0.28  ||
 * || 2005  ||  4.8  ||  0.02  ||  0.00  ||
 * || 2006  ||  4.3  ||  -0.48  ||  0.23  ||
 * || 2007  ||  4.4  ||  -0.38  ||  0.14  ||
 * || 2008  ||  4.2  ||  -0.58  ||  0.33  ||
 * ||  ||   ||   ||  **∑1.13**  ||
 * || **Year**  ||  **x**  ||  **Deviation**  ||  **Deviation squared**  ||
 * ** Saskatchewan ** || 2001  ||  5.8  ||  0.74  ||  0.54  ||
 * || 2002  ||  5.7  ||  0.64  ||  0.41  ||
 * || 2003  ||  5.6  ||  0.54  ||  0.29  ||
 * || 2004  ||  5.3  ||  0.24  ||  0.06  ||
 * || 2005  ||  5.1  ||  0.04  ||  0.00  ||
 * || 2006  ||  4.7  ||  -0.36  ||  0.13  ||
 * || 2007  ||  4.2  ||  -0.86  ||  0.74  ||
 * || 2008  ||  4.1  ||  -0.96  ||  0.93  ||
 * ||  ||   ||   ||  **∑3.10**  ||
 * || **Year**  ||  **x**  ||  **Deviation**  ||  **Deviation squared**  ||
 * ** Alberta ** || 2001  ||  4.6  ||  0.35  ||  0.12  ||
 * || 2002  ||  5.3  ||  1.05  ||  1.10  ||
 * || 2003  ||  5.1  ||  0.85  ||  0.72  ||
 * || 2004  ||  4.6  ||  0.35  ||  0.12  ||
 * || 2005  ||  3.9  ||  -0.35  ||  0.12  ||
 * || 2006  ||  3.4  ||  -0.85  ||  0.72  ||
 * || 2007  ||  3.5  ||  -0.75  ||  0.56  ||
 * || 2008  ||  3.6  ||  -0.65  ||  0.42  ||
 * ||  ||   ||   ||  **∑3.90**  ||
 * || **Year**  ||  **x**  ||  **Deviation**  ||  **Deviation squared**  ||
 * ** British Columbia ** || 2001  ||  7.7  ||  1.34  ||  1.79  ||
 * || 2002  ||  8.5  ||  2.14  ||  4.57  ||
 * || 2003  ||  8  ||  1.64  ||  2.68  ||
 * || 2004  ||  7.2  ||  0.84  ||  0.70  ||
 * || 2005  ||  5.9  ||  -0.46  ||  0.21  ||
 * || 2006  ||  4.8  ||  -1.56  ||  2.44  ||
 * || 2007  ||  4.2  ||  -2.16  ||  4.68  ||
 * || 2008  ||  4.6  ||  -1.76  ||  3.11  ||
 * ||  ||   ||   ||  **∑20.18**  ||
 * Standard Deviation, Mean, Median: Calculations **
 * Unemployment **

Newfoundland


 * S.D**

σ= **11.43**÷ 8
 * =√1.42875**
 * =1.195**


 * Mean**
 * =121.7**÷ **8**
 * =15.2125**


 * Median**
 * =(15.7+15.2)**÷ **2**
 * =30.9**÷ **2**
 * =15.45**

PEI


 * S.D**

σ= **2.38**÷ **8**
 * =√0.2975**
 * =0.5454**

**=89.1** ÷ **8** **=11.1375**
 * Mean **

**Median** **=(11+11.1)** ÷ **2** **=22.1** ÷ **2** **=11.05**

Nova Scotia


 * S.D**

σ= **4.18**÷ **8**
 * =√0.5225**
 * =0.7228**

**=145.2** ÷ **8** **=18.15**
 * Mean **

**Median** **=(8.4+8.8)** ÷ **2** **=17.2** ÷ **2** **=8.6**

New Brunswick


 * S.D**

σ= **14.90**÷ **8**
 * =√1.8625**
 * =1.3647**

**=76** ÷ **8** **=9.5**
 * Mean **

**Median** **=(9.8+9.7)** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **2** **=19.5** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **2** **=9.75**

Quebec


 * S.D**

σ= **3.47**<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **8**
 * =√0.43375**
 * =0.6585**

**=65.7** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **8** **=8.2125**
 * Mean **

**Median** **=(8.3+8.5)** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **2** **=16.8** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **2** **=8.4**

Ontario


 * S.D**


 * σ = 0.61**<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **8**
 * =√0.07625**
 * =0.2761**

**Mean** **=52.9** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **8** **=6.6125**

**Median** **=(6.5+6.6)** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **2** **=13.1** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **2** **=6.55**

Manitoba


 * S.D**


 * σ = 1.13**<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **8**
 * =√0.14125**
 * =0.3758**

**=38.2** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **8** **=4.775**
 * Mean **

**Median** **=(4.8+5)** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **2** **=9.8** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **2** **=4.9**

Saskatchewan


 * S.D**

σ= **3.10**<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **8**
 * =√0.3875**
 * =0.6225**

**=40.5** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **8** **=5.0625**
 * Mean **

**Median** **=(5.1+5.3)** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **2** **=10.4** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **2** **=5.2**

Alberta


 * S.D**


 * σ = 3.90**<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **8**
 * =√0.4875**
 * =0.6982**

**=34** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **8** **=4.25**
 * Mean **

**Median** **=(3.9+4.6)** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **2** **=8.5** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **2** **=4.25**

British Columbia


 * S.D**

σ=**20.18**<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **8**
 * =√2.5225**
 * =1.5882**

**=50.9** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **8** **=6.3625**
 * Mean **

**Median** **=(5.9+7.2)** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **2** **=13.1** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **2** **=6.55**




 * __ Crime __**


 * || **Year**  ||  **x**  ||  **Deviation**  ||  **Deviation squared**  ||
 * ** Newfoundland and Labrador ** ||  2001  ||  11579  ||  -381.00  ||  145161.00  ||
 * || 2002  ||  12397  ||  437.00  ||  190969.00  ||
 * || 2003  ||  12988  ||  1028.00  ||  1056784.00  ||
 * || 2004  ||  13598  ||  1638.00  ||  2683044.00  ||
 * || 2005  ||  12717  ||  757.00  ||  573049.00  ||
 * || 2006  ||  11615  ||  -345.00  ||  119025.00  ||
 * || 2007  ||  11105  ||  -855.00  ||  731025.00  ||
 * || 2008  ||  9678  ||  -2282.00  ||  5207524.00  ||
 * ||  ||   ||   ||  **∑10706581.00**  ||
 * || **Year**  ||  **x**  ||  **Deviation**  ||  **Deviation squared**  ||
 * ** PEI ** ||  2001  ||  3924  ||  -275.00  ||  75625.00  ||
 * || 2002  ||  4299  ||  100.00  ||  10000.00  ||
 * || 2003  ||  4762  ||  563.00  ||  316969.00  ||
 * || 2004  ||  4649  ||  450.00  ||  202500.00  ||
 * || 2005  ||  4410  ||  211.00  ||  44521.00  ||
 * || 2006  ||  3990  ||  -209.00  ||  43681.00  ||
 * || 2007  ||  3568  ||  -631.00  ||  398161.00  ||
 * || 2008  ||  3993  ||  -206.00  ||  42436.00  ||
 * ||  ||   ||   ||  **∑1133893.00**  ||
 * || **Year**  ||  **x**  ||  **Deviation**  ||  **Deviation squared**  ||
 * ** Nova Scotia ** ||  2001  ||  31328  ||  894.19  ||  799571.29  ||
 * || 2002  ||  30184  ||  -249.81  ||  62406.29  ||
 * || 2003  ||  32786  ||  2352.19  ||  5532786.04  ||
 * || 2004  ||  34917  ||  4483.19  ||  20098970.16  ||
 * || 2005  ||  31916  ||  1482.19  ||  2196879.79  ||
 * || 2006  ||  31277  ||  843.19  ||  710965.16  ||
 * || 2007  ||  27132  ||  -3301.81  ||  10901965.79  ||
 * || 2008  ||  23932  ||  -6501.81  ||  42273565.79  ||
 * ||  ||   ||   ||  **∑82577110.28**  ||
 * || **Year**  ||  **x**  ||  **Deviation**  ||  **Deviation squared**  ||
 * ** New Brunswick ** ||  2001  ||  20052  ||  823.38  ||  677946.39  ||
 * || 2002  ||  20255  ||  1026.38  ||  1053445.64  ||
 * || 2003  ||  21624  ||  2395.38  ||  5737821.39  ||
 * || 2004  ||  21409  ||  2180.38  ||  4754035.14  ||
 * || 2005  ||  18883  ||  -345.63  ||  119456.64  ||
 * || 2006  ||  18302  ||  -926.63  ||  858633.89  ||
 * || 2007  ||  16577  ||  -2651.63  ||  7031115.14  ||
 * || 2008  ||  16729  ||  -2499.63  ||  6248125.14  ||
 * ||  ||   ||   ||  **∑26480579.38**  ||
 * || **Year**  ||  **x**  ||  **Deviation**  ||  **Deviation squared**  ||
 * ** Quebec ** ||  2001  ||  256456  ||  19711.81  ||  388555552.04  ||
 * || 2002  ||  246164  ||  9419.81  ||  88732867.54  ||
 * || 2003  ||  246121  ||  9376.81  ||  87924612.66  ||
 * || 2004  ||  239391  ||  2646.81  ||  7005616.41  ||
 * || 2005  ||  236130  ||  -614.19  ||  377226.29  ||
 * || 2006  ||  236000  ||  -744.19  ||  553815.04  ||
 * || 2007  ||  219247  ||  -17497.19  ||  306151570.41  ||
 * || 2008  ||  213446  ||  -23298.19  ||  542805540.79  ||
 * ||  ||   ||   ||  **∑1422106801.16**  ||
 * || **Year**  ||  **x**  ||  **Deviation**  ||  **Deviation squared**  ||
 * ** Ontario ** ||  2001  ||  380136  ||  26287.13  ||  691012940.77  ||
 * || 2002  ||  380663  ||  26814.13  ||  718997299.52  ||
 * || 2003  ||  382491  ||  28642.13  ||  820371324.52  ||
 * || 2004  ||  356019  ||  2170.13  ||  4709442.52  ||
 * || 2005  ||  341420  ||  -12428.88  ||  154476933.77  ||
 * || 2006  ||  347315  ||  -6533.88  ||  42691522.52  ||
 * || 2007  ||  327625  ||  -26223.88  ||  687691620.02  ||
 * || 2008  ||  315125  ||  -38723.88  ||  1499538495.02  ||
 * ||  ||   ||   ||  **∑4619489578.63**  ||
 * || **Year**  ||  **x**  ||  **Deviation**  ||  **Deviation squared**  ||
 * ** Manitoba ** ||  2001  ||  59452  ||  1318.63  ||  1738771.89  ||
 * || 2002  ||  57615  ||  -518.38  ||  268712.64  ||
 * || 2003  ||  65523  ||  7389.63  ||  54606557.64  ||
 * || 2004  ||  67231  ||  9097.63  ||  82766780.64  ||
 * || 2005  ||  59407  ||  1273.63  ||  1622120.64  ||
 * || 2006  ||  59040  ||  906.63  ||  821968.89  ||
 * || 2007  ||  53432  ||  -4701.38  ||  22102926.89  ||
 * || 2008  ||  43370  ||  -14763.38  ||  217957241.39  ||
 * ||  ||   ||   ||  **∑380146308.73**  ||
 * || **Year**  ||  **x**  ||  **Deviation**  ||  **Deviation squared**  ||
 * ** Saskatchewan ** ||  2001  ||  57863  ||  5455.19  ||  29759070.66  ||
 * || 2002  ||  55991  ||  3583.19  ||  12839232.66  ||
 * || 2003  ||  64273  ||  11865.19  ||  140782674.41  ||
 * || 2004  ||  59944  ||  7536.19  ||  56794122.04  ||
 * || 2005  ||  53117  ||  709.19  ||  502946.91  ||
 * || 2006  ||  46467  ||  -5940.81  ||  35293253.16  ||
 * || 2007  ||  42459  ||  -9948.81  ||  98978870.16  ||
 * || 2008  ||  39148  ||  -13259.81  ||  175822627.54  ||
 * ||  ||   ||   ||  **∑550772797.53**  ||
 * || **Year**  ||  **x**  ||  **Deviation**  ||  **Deviation squared**  ||
 * ** Alberta ** ||  2001  ||  130323  ||  -14749.19  ||  217538531.91  ||
 * || 2002  ||  140107  ||  -4965.19  ||  24653086.91  ||
 * || 2003  ||  156365  ||  11292.81  ||  127527614.16  ||
 * || 2004  ||  155836  ||  10763.81  ||  115859659.54  ||
 * || 2005  ||  153331  ||  8258.81  ||  68207983.91  ||
 * || 2006  ||  146333  ||  1260.81  ||  1589648.16  ||
 * || 2007  ||  143551  ||  -1521.19  ||  2314011.41  ||
 * || 2008  ||  134734  ||  -10338.19  ||  106878120.79  ||
 * ||  ||   ||   ||  **∑664568656.78**  ||
 * || **Year**  ||  **x**  ||  **Deviation**  ||  **Deviation squared**  ||
 * ** British Columbia ** ||  2001  ||  261194  ||  10701.06  ||  114512738.63  ||
 * || 2002  ||  264921  ||  14428.06  ||  208168987.50  ||
 * || 2003  ||  283668  ||  33175.06  ||  1100584771.88  ||
 * || 2004  ||  277613  ||  27120.06  ||  735497790.00  ||
 * || 2005  ||  259655  ||  9162.06  ||  83943389.25  ||
 * || 2006  ||  240436  ||  -10056.94  ||  101141991.88  ||
 * || 2007  ||  222256  ||  -28236.94  ||  797324639.38  ||
 * || 2008  ||  194202  ||  -56290.94  ||  3168669644.63  ||
 * ||  ||   ||   ||  **∑6309843953.16**  ||


 * Standard Deviation, Mean Median: Calculations **
 * Crime **

Newfoundland


 * S.D**

σ= **10706581.0****0**<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **8**
 * =√1338322.63**
 * =1156.8589**

**=95676** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **8** **=11959.5**
 * Mean **

**Median** **=(11615+12364)** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **2** **=23979** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **2** **=11989.5**

PEI


 * S.D**


 * σ = 1133893.00**<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **8**
 * =√141736.625**
 * =376.4792**

**=33593** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **8** **=4199.125**
 * Mean **

**Median** **=(3993+4299)** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **2** **=8292** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **2** **=4146**

Nova Scotia


 * S.D**

σ= **82577110.28**<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **8**
 * =√10322138.785**
 * =3213.8085**

**=243470.5** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **8** **=****30433.81**
 * Mean **

**Median** ** =(31277+31328) ** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ ** 2 ** ** =62605 ** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ ** 2 ** ** =31302.5 **

New Brunswick


 * S.D**

σ= **26480579.38**<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **8**
 * =√3310072.4225**
 * =1819.3604**

**=153829** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **8** **=19228.63**
 * Mean **

**Median** **=(18882+20052)** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **2** **=38934** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **2** **=19467**

Quebec


 * S.D**

σ= **1422106801.16**<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **8**
 * =√177763350.145**
 * =13332.7922**

**=1893954** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **8** **=236744.2**
 * Mean **

**Median** **=(236130+239391)** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **2** **=475521** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **2** **=237760.5**

Ontario


 * S.D**


 * σ =** **4619489578.63**<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **8**
 * =√577436197.329**
 * =24029.9021**

**=2830791** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **8** **=353848.9**
 * Mean **

**Median** **=(347314+356018)** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **2** **=703332** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **2** **=351666**

Manitoba


 * S.D**


 * σ =** **380146308.73**<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **8**
 * =√47518288.59**
 * =6893.3510**

**=465067** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **8** **=58133.38**
 * Mean **

**Median** **=(59039+59406)** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **2** **=118445** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **2** **=59222.5**

Saskatchewan


 * S.D**

σ= **550772797.53**<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **8**
 * =√68846599.69**
 * =8297.3851**

**=419262.5** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **8** **=52407.81**
 * Mean **

**Median** **=(53117+55991)** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **2** **=109108** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **2** **=54554**

Alberta


 * S.D**


 * σ =** **664568656.78**<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **8**
 * =√83071082.09**
 * =9114.3338**

**=1160578** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **8** **=145072.2**
 * Mean **

**Median** **=(143550+146333)** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **2** **=289883** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **2** **=144941.5**

British Columbia


 * S.D**

σ= **6309843953.16**<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **8**
 * =√788730494.1**
 * =28084.3461**

**=250492.9**
 * Mean **
 * =2003944**<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **8**

**Median** **=(264921+259654)** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **2** **=524575** <span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 17px;">÷ **2** **=262287.5**

__<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">Two Variable Analysis __ __<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">﻿ <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">﻿ __ X - Values : ** Unemployment ** Y - Values: ** Crime **


 * || ** x ** || ** y ** || ** x2 ** || ** y2 ** || ** xy ** ||
 * ** Newfoundland ** || 16.1 || 11579 || 259.21 || 134073241 || 186421.9 ||
 * || 16.6 || 12397 || 275.56 || 153685609 || 205790.2 ||
 * || 16.5 || 12988 || 272.25 || 168688144 || 214302 ||
 * || 15.7 || 13598 || 246.49 || 184905604 || 213488.6 ||
 * || 15.2 || 12716 || 231.04 || 161696656 || 193283.2 ||
 * || 14.8 || 11615 || 219.04 || 134908225 || 171902 ||
 * || 13.6 || 11105 || 184.96 || 123321025 || 151028 ||
 * || 13.2 || 9677 || 174.24 || 93644329 || 127736.4 ||
 * ** ∑ ** || ** 121.7 ** || ** 95675 ** || ** 1862.79 ** || ** 1154922833 ** || ** 1463952 ** ||
 * || ** x ** || ** y ** || ** x2 ** || ** y2 ** || ** xy ** ||
 * ** PEI ** || 11.9 || 3923 || 141.61 || 15389929 || 46683.7 ||
 * || 12 || 4298 || 144 || 18472804 || 51576 ||
 * || 11 || 4762 || 121 || 22676644 || 52382 ||
 * || 11.3 || 4648 || 127.69 || 21603904 || 52522.4 ||
 * || 10.8 || 4410 || 116.64 || 19448100 || 47628 ||
 * || 11.1 || 3989 || 123.21 || 15912121 || 44277.9 ||
 * || 10.3 || 3568 || 106.09 || 12730624 || 36750.4 ||
 * || 10.7 || 3993 || 114.49 || 15944049 || 42725.1 ||
 * ** ∑ ** || ** 89.1 ** || ** 33591 ** || ** 994.73 ** || ** 142178175 ** || ** 374545.5 ** ||
 * || ** x ** || ** y ** || ** x2 ** || ** y2 ** || ** xy ** ||
 * ** Nova Scotia ** || 9.7 || 31328 || 94.09 || 981443584 || 303881.6 ||
 * || 9.6 || 30183 || 92.16 || 911013489 || 289756.8 ||
 * || 9.1 || 32786 || 82.81 || 1074921796 || 298352.6 ||
 * || 8.8 || 34916 || 77.44 || 1219127056 || 307260.8 ||
 * || 8.4 || 31915 || 70.56 || 1018567225 || 268086 ||
 * || 7.9 || 31277 || 62.41 || 978250729 || 247088.3 ||
 * || 8 || 27132 || 64 || 736145424 || 217056 ||
 * || 7.7 || 23932 || 59.29 || 572740624 || 184276.4 ||
 * ** ∑ ** || ** 69.2 ** || ** 243469 ** || ** 602.76 ** || ** 7492209927 ** || ** 2115759 ** ||
 * || ** x ** || ** y ** || ** x2 ** || ** y2 ** || ** xy ** ||
 * ** New Brunswick ** || 11.1 || 20052 || 123.21 || 402082704 || 222577.2 ||
 * || 10.2 || 20254 || 104.04 || 410224516 || 206590.8 ||
 * || 10.3 || 21624 || 106.09 || 467597376 || 222727.2 ||
 * || 9.8 || 21408 || 96.04 || 458302464 || 209798.4 ||
 * || 9.7 || 18882 || 94.09 || 356529924 || 183155.4 ||
 * || 8.8 || 18302 || 77.44 || 334963204 || 161057.6 ||
 * || 7.5 || 16577 || 56.25 || 274796929 || 124327.5 ||
 * || 8.6 || 16728 || 73.96 || 279825984 || 143860.8 ||
 * ** ∑ ** || ** 76 ** || ** 153827 ** || ** 731.12 ** || ** 2984323101 ** || ** 1474095 ** ||
 * || ** x ** || ** y ** || ** x2 ** || ** y2 ** || ** xy ** ||
 * ** Quebec ** || 8.8 || 257456 || 77.44 || 66283591936 || 2265613 ||
 * || 8.6 || 245163 || 73.96 || 60104896569 || 2108402 ||
 * || 9.1 || 246121 || 82.81 || 60575546641 || 2239701 ||
 * || 8.5 || 239391 || 72.25 || 57308050881 || 2034824 ||
 * || 8.3 || 236130 || 68.89 || 55757376900 || 1959879 ||
 * || 8 || 236000 || 64 || 55696000000 || 1888000 ||
 * || 7.2 || 219246 || 51.84 || 48068808516 || 1578571 ||
 * || 7.2 || 213445 || 51.84 || 45558768025 || 1536804 ||
 * ** ∑ ** || ** 65.7 ** || ** 1892952 ** || ** 543.03 ** || ** 4.49353E+11 ** || ** 15611793 ** ||
 * || ** x ** || ** y ** || ** x2 ** || ** y2 ** || ** xy ** ||
 * ** Ontario ** || 6.3 || 380135 || 39.69 || 1.44503E+11 || 2394851 ||
 * || 7.1 || 380662 || 50.41 || 1.44904E+11 || 2702700 ||
 * || 6.9 || 382491 || 47.61 || 1.46299E+11 || 2639188 ||
 * || 6.8 || 356018 || 46.24 || 1.26749E+11 || 2420922 ||
 * || 6.6 || 341420 || 43.56 || 1.16568E+11 || 2253372 ||
 * || 6.3 || 347314 || 39.69 || 1.20627E+11 || 2188078 ||
 * || 6.4 || 327624 || 40.96 || 1.07337E+11 || 2096794 ||
 * || 6.5 || 315124 || 42.25 || 99303135376 || 2048306 ||
 * ** ∑ ** || ** 52.9 ** || ** 2830788 ** || ** 350.41 ** || ** 1.00629E+12 ** || ** 18744211 ** ||
 * || ** x ** || ** y ** || ** x2 ** || ** y2 ** || ** xy ** ||
 * ** Manitoba ** || 5.1 || 59452 || 26.01 || 3534540304 || 303205.2 ||
 * || 5.1 || 57614 || 26.01 || 3319372996 || 293831.4 ||
 * || 5 || 65522 || 25 || 4293132484 || 327610 ||
 * || 5.3 || 67230 || 28.09 || 4519872900 || 356319 ||
 * || 4.8 || 59406 || 23.04 || 3529072836 || 285148.8 ||
 * || 4.3 || 59039 || 18.49 || 3485603521 || 253867.7 ||
 * || 4.4 || 53431 || 19.36 || 2854871761 || 235096.4 ||
 * || 4.2 || 43370 || 17.64 || 1880956900 || 182154 ||
 * ** ∑ ** || ** 38.2 ** || ** 465064 ** || ** 183.64 ** || ** 27417423702 ** || ** 2237233 ** ||
 * || ** x **  ||  ** y **  ||  ** x2 **  ||  ** y2 **  ||  ** xy **  ||
 * ** Saskatchewan ** || 5.8 || 57863 || 33.64 || 3348126769 || 335605.4 ||
 * || 5.7 || 55991 || 32.49 || 3134992081 || 319148.7 ||
 * || 5.6 || 64274 || 31.36 || 4131147076 || 359934.4 ||
 * || 5.3 || 59944 || 28.09 || 3593283136 || 317703.2 ||
 * || 5.1 || 53117 || 26.01 || 2821415689 || 270896.7 ||
 * || 4.7 || 46466 || 22.09 || 2159089156 || 218390.2 ||
 * || 4.2 || 42459 || 17.64 || 1802766681 || 178327.8 ||
 * || 4.1 || 39148 || 16.81 || 1532565904 || 160506.8 ||
 * ** ∑ ** || ** 40.5 ** || ** 419262 ** || ** 208.13 ** || ** 22523386492 ** || ** 2160513 ** ||
 * || ** x **  ||  ** y **  ||  ** x2 **  ||  ** y2 **  ||  ** xy **  ||
 * ** Alberta ** || 4.6 || 130322 || 21.16 || 16983823684 || 599481.2 ||
 * || 5.3 || 140106 || 28.09 || 19629691236 || 742561.8 ||
 * || 5.1 || 156365 || 26.01 || 24450013225 || 797461.5 ||
 * || 4.6 || 155835 || 21.16 || 24284547225 || 716841 ||
 * || 3.9 || 153331 || 15.21 || 23510395561 || 597990.9 ||
 * || 3.4 || 146333 || 11.56 || 21413346889 || 497532.2 ||
 * || 3.5 || 143550 || 12.25 || 20606602500 || 502425 ||
 * || 3.6 || 134733 || 12.96 || 18152981289 || 485038.8 ||
 * ** ∑ ** || ** 34 ** || ** 1160575 ** || ** 148.4 ** || ** 1.69031E+11 ** || ** 4939332 ** ||
 * || ** x **  ||  ** y **  ||  ** x2 **  ||  ** y2 **  ||  ** xy **  ||
 * ** British Columbia ** || 7.7 || 261194 || 59.29 || 68222305636 || 2011194 ||
 * || 8.5 || 264921 || 72.25 || 70183136241 || 2251829 ||
 * || 8 || 283668 || 64 || 80467534224 || 2269344 ||
 * || 7.2 || 277612 || 51.84 || 77068422544 || 1998806 ||
 * || 5.9 || 259654 || 34.81 || 67420199716 || 1531959 ||
 * || 4.8 || 240436 || 23.04 || 57809470096 || 1154093 ||
 * || 4.2 || 222256 || 17.64 || 49397729536 || 933475.2 ||
 * || 4.6 || 194201 || 21.16 || 37714028401 || 893324.6 ||
 * ** ∑ ** || ** 50.9 ** || ** 2003942 ** || ** 344.03 ** || ** 5.08283E+11 ** || ** 13044024 ** ||
 * ** British Columbia ** || 7.7 || 261194 || 59.29 || 68222305636 || 2011194 ||
 * || 8.5 || 264921 || 72.25 || 70183136241 || 2251829 ||
 * || 8 || 283668 || 64 || 80467534224 || 2269344 ||
 * || 7.2 || 277612 || 51.84 || 77068422544 || 1998806 ||
 * || 5.9 || 259654 || 34.81 || 67420199716 || 1531959 ||
 * || 4.8 || 240436 || 23.04 || 57809470096 || 1154093 ||
 * || 4.2 || 222256 || 17.64 || 49397729536 || 933475.2 ||
 * || 4.6 || 194201 || 21.16 || 37714028401 || 893324.6 ||
 * ** ∑ ** || ** 50.9 ** || ** 2003942 ** || ** 344.03 ** || ** 5.08283E+11 ** || ** 13044024 ** ||

__<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 26px;">Two Variable Calculations __ __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 26px;">﻿ __ __** Correlation Coefficient **__ __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 26px; line-height: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;">﻿ __ Newfoundland (population: 522,000-506,000 decreasing) strong positive
 * r=0.7680**

PEI (population:136,000-139,000 increasing) weak positive
 * r=0.2592**

Nova Scotia (population:932,000-936,000 up and down) moderate positive
 * r=0.5249**

New Brunswick (population:749,000-747,000 decreasing) strong positive
 * r=0.8197**

Quebec (population:7,396,000-7,753,000 increasing) strong positive
 * r=0.9313**

Ontario (population:11,896,000-12,936,000 increasing) moderate positive
 * r=0.4832**

Manitoba (population:1,151,000-1,206,000 increasing) strong positive
 * r=0.7622**

Saskatchewan (population:1,000,000-1,013,000 increasing) strong positive
 * r=0.9198**

Alberta (population:3,058,000-3,595,000 increasing) weak positive
 * r=0.1353**

British Columbia (population:4,076,000-4,383,000 increasing) strong positive
 * r=0.8238**


 * __ Linear Regression __**
 * __﻿__**

__** Bias **__ Crime Small crimes that were committed but never reported to the police (petty theft) Unemployment People working under the table for cash yet still say they are unemployed
 * Measurement Bias**

__** Sampling **__ __**﻿**__ Crime All crimes that have been reported to the police will be recorded Unemployment The government is able to see the number of people employed and unemployed


 * I also used a reliable source, Stats Canada

__** Conclusion **__ __**Questions**__

** Will there be a strong correlation between Crime and Unemployment in each provinces? ** <span style="color: black; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Yes there was a strong correlation between crime and unemployment for majority of the provinces

** Will there be certain provinces that have stronger correlations? ** Saskatchewan and Quebec has the highest correlation coefficient while Alberta's was really low

** Will the population be an external factor? ** <span style="color: black; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">From looking at the stats and the correlation coefficient its hard to determine just looking at the numbers but it seems like its a whole other project

** As more people are laid off due to the recession, will these other factors increase? ** Its hard to tell with the data I collected, it isn't current data. I think the biggest year to determine if it is a strong correlation is 2009, because thats the year all the companies really felt the effects of the economy

** What is the overall trend of unemployment and crime? ** <span style="color: black; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Yes it seemed like majority of the provinces had a good trend

__** Hypothesis **__

My prediction is that as unemployment increases the amount of crime will have a positive moderate correlation coefficient. My hypothesis was partly correct but wasn't the most accurate. I said that the correlation coefficient was going to positive moderate when it was actually positive strong. I was wrong about the one variable data, almost all the graphs for crime were all decreasing and the unemployment graphs were decreasing as well.
 * The one variable analysis of unemployment and crime is that both will increase when graphed and calculated.**

__**Other Conclusions:**__ 1 Variable Analysis

Unemployment Highest mean - Nova Scotia Lowest mean - Alberta Standard Deviation - All between 0 and 2

Crime Highest mean - Ontario Lowest mean - PEI Standard Deviation - all between 4000 and 353 000

I believe Crime is directly related to the population in each province, because the province with the most crime is the biggest and the one with the least crime is the smallest. Unemployment is effected by the lifestyle in that provinces and the kind of job that they can offer. (ex out east only has smaller businesses and fishing as there major job options)

2 Variable Analysis

6 - strong positive correlation coefficients 2 - moderate positive correlation coefficients 2 - weak positive correlation coefficients


 * <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black;">WORK CITED **

Statistics Canada. //Table 109-5304 - Unemployment rate, Canada, provinces, health regions and peer groups, annual (percent)// (graph), CANSIM (database), Using E-STAT (distributor).[] (accessed: November 13, 2010) <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: white; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: black;"> Statistics Canada. //Table 252-0051 - Incident-based crime statistics, by detailed violations, annual (number unless otherwise noted)//, CANSIM (database), Using E-STAT (distributor). [] (accessed: November 14, 2010)

Statistics Canada. //Table 252-0052 - Crime severity index, annual// (graph), CANSIM (database), Using E-STAT (distributor). [] (accessed: November 13, 2010)

Statistics Canada. // Table 252-0051 - Incident-based crime statistics, by detailed violations, annual (number unless otherwise noted) //, CANSIM (database), Using E-STAT (distributor). [] (accessed: December 22, 2010)

Statistics Canada. // Table 109-5304 - Unemployment rate, Canada, provinces, health regions and peer groups, annual (percent) //, CANSIM (database), Using E-STAT (distributor). [] (accessed: December 22, 2010)

<span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">** Source: ** Statistics Canada. // Table 051-0001 - Estimates of population, by age group and sex for July 1, Canada, provinces and territories, annual (persons unless otherwise noted) //, CANSIM (database), Using E-STAT (distributor). <span style="color: #003399; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 1em; line-height: normal;"> [] <span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"> (accessed: January 2, 2011)

Winter-Ebmer, R., & Raphael, S. (n.d.). Identifying the Effect of Unemployment on Crime. In // Centre for Economic Policy Research //. Retrieved December 22, 2010, from<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[]